Two-way fixed effects DiD estimator, with panel data

twfe_did_panel is used to compute linear two-way fixed effects estimators for the ATT in difference-in-differences (DiD) setups with panel data. As illustrated by Sant'Anna and Zhao (2020), this estimator generally do not recover the ATT. We encourage empiricists to adopt alternative specifications.

twfe_did_panel(
  y1,
  y0,
  D,
  covariates,
  i.weights = NULL,
  boot = FALSE,
  boot.type = "weighted",
  nboot = NULL,
  inffunc = FALSE
)

Arguments

y1: An \(n\) x \(1\) vector of outcomes from the post-treatment period.
y0: An \(n\) x \(1\) vector of outcomes from the pre-treatment period.
D: An \(n\) x \(1\) vector of Group indicators (=1 if observation is treated in the post-treatment, =0 otherwise).
covariates: An \(n\) x \(k\) matrix of covariates to be used in the regression estimation. We will always include an intercept.
i.weights: An \(n\) x \(1\) vector of weights to be used. If NULL, then every observation has the same weights. The weights are normalized and therefore enforced to have mean 1 across all observations.
boot: Logical argument to whether bootstrap should be used for inference. Default is FALSE.
boot.type: Type of bootstrap to be performed (not relevant if boot = FALSE). Options are "weighted" and "multiplier". If boot = TRUE, default is "weighted".
nboot: Number of bootstrap repetitions (not relevant if boot = FALSE). Default is 999.
inffunc: Logical argument to whether influence function should be returned. Default is FALSE.

Value

A list containing the following components:

ATT: The TWFE DiD point estimate
se: The TWFE DiD standard error
uci: Estimate of the upper bound of a 95% CI for the TWFE parameter.
lci: Estimate of the lower bound of a 95% CI for the TWFE parameter.
boots: All Bootstrap draws of the ATT, in case bootstrap was used to conduct inference. Default is NULL
att.inf.func: Estimate of the influence function. Default is NULL

Examples

# Form the Lalonde sample with CPS comparison group
eval_lalonde_cps <- subset(nsw, nsw$treated == 0 | nsw$sample == 2)
# Further reduce sample to speed example
set.seed(123)
unit_random <- sample(1:nrow(eval_lalonde_cps), 5000)
eval_lalonde_cps <- eval_lalonde_cps[unit_random,]
# Select some covariates
covX = as.matrix(cbind(1, eval_lalonde_cps$age, eval_lalonde_cps$educ,
                       eval_lalonde_cps$black, eval_lalonde_cps$married,
                       eval_lalonde_cps$nodegree, eval_lalonde_cps$hisp,
                       eval_lalonde_cps$re74))
# Implement TWFE DiD with panel data
twfe_did_panel(y1 = eval_lalonde_cps$re78, y0 = eval_lalonde_cps$re75,
               D = eval_lalonde_cps$experimental,
               covariates = covX)
#> $ATT
#> dd:post 
#>  702.58 
#> 
#> $se
#> [1] 595.31
#> 
#> $uci
#>  dd:post 
#> 1869.388 
#> 
#> $lci
#>   dd:post 
#> -464.2276 
#> 
#> $boots
#> NULL
#> 
#> $att.inf.func
#> NULL
#>